Bibliography Sources

Primary Sources

To understand Elizabeth Peabody let's look into each team member's research more. First we are going to start with primary sources.  ¹The first primary source Lauren found was from a Letter from Elizabeth Palmer Peabody to Horance Mann, Laurens summary included: In this letter on March 3rd by Elizabeth Peabody to Nathaniel Hawthorne, shares worries about their mutual friend George, who is enduring the hardships of being a cripple. Consideration for relocating to Baltimore for financial reasons is brought up, with seeing it as a considerable sacrifice, while longing for the comfort of Horace Mann's company amid Mann's busy schedule. Hawthorne critiques the emphasis on school committee members over teachers in educational reform, advocating for teachers to have a greater role in choosing literature. Peabody aims to create high-quality children's literature, expressing a desire for moral integrity in writing. The letter highlights themes of friendship, personal hardship, and the urgent need for reform in education and literature. ²The second primary source Lauren found was from the Library of Congress “Kindergarten Messenger”. Laurens summary states; "Kindergarten Messenger" by Elizabeth Peabody stresses higher education, investing in early education is equally essential, as it forms the basis for lifelong learning. Additionally  highlighting hardships and the nurturing support received, underscoring the critical role of supportive relationships in education. This emphasizes the importance of early childhood education and the need for financial support to develop quality Kindergartens. It advocates for a shift in funding priorities, arguing that investing in the earliest stages of education can profoundly impact future educational success. This page emphasizes the importance of early education and its foundational role in overall educational systems

Next let’s look at Raj, he also had two primary sources. The first one was a letter from DeCoursey French to Elizabeth P. Peabody. His summary of that letter;³In this letter to Elizabeth Peabody from Decoursey French, he stated how he needed help with the support of Horace Mann School for the Deaf. He knew how highly Elizabeth Peabody was respected in the world of education and knew she would be a big boost for the deaf students in the school. He wanted these students to succeed and achieve goals with the help of Elizabeth Peabody. His second primary source was from The Project of Gutenberg eBook of Guide to the Kindergarten and Intermediate Class. His summary of the eBook was; ⁴A book published in 1877 by Elizabeth Peabody and Mary Mann called Guide to the Kindergarten and Intermediate Class gave an insight into the philosophy of how to teach these children. They believed that it started with the teachers first as they have to set the standard and culture in the classroom as it can help with the morals and growth of the students. In the book it discussed things like reading, geometry, music/dancing and morals that students should follow to become the best version of themselves.  

Finally Kylie also found two primary sources, her and Raj did find the same one. The letter from DeCoursey French to Elizabeth P. Peabody. Lets see her summary on this letter; ⁵In this letter to Elizabeth Peabody it shared a lot of information. It mentioned topics of how Mr. DeCoursey wanted Peabody to come and teach in Salt Lake City and how she can make such a difference in children’s lives. Mute children were also brought up along with trying to persuade Peabody in the letter. The second source Kylie found was from the The Nineteenth Century Index, her summary is; ⁶ In this newspaper article it states that Elizabeth Peabody made such an impact on the education of others. It highlighted that she started Kindergartens and taught many topics. Lastly after Peabody died there was a plan to make a house in her honor. That taught kindergarten students, and housed the students and teachers. 

Secondary Sources

Now lets look at sources related to Elizabeth Peabody. Luaren found a great sources from The New England Quarterly, her summary of that source is; ⁷In Josephine E. Robert's article of  Elizabeth Peabody and the Temple School, Roberts focuses on the important figure of Elizabeth Peabody in the 19th-century during the education reform. The article discusses Peabody’s start in the Temple School in Boston where she taught students in a way of combining moral lessons with creativity. Roberts did an excellent job showing Peabody’s ideas and how they fit into the bigger picture of modern education along with highlighting her work in critical thinking. 

Next Raj found his secondary source from YC Young Children 68, his summary of this source includes;⁸ In the article by Patricia Cantor she explains Elizabeth Peabody as the leader of the kindergarten movement as she opened the first English language kindergarten in the United States. She always had a passion for education and wanted people, especially children to learn starting from a young age. She was part of many social reforms and movements like the abolishment of slavery, but the movement of education was her primary focus. 

Finally Kylie’s secondary source was from the Review of Research in Education, her summary of that was; ⁹ In this reading it shared many components of education. Here are just some out of the many: diversity, race, licensing, and more. This reading has a focus on how women are mostly teachers for elementary schools, not only this reading was very gendered on women. The reading talked about what degree to get to teach along with what students teachers want to teach as well. This reading really showed another perspective to what education is and how it is gendered and how it can be changed. 

Notes

¹Peabody, Elizabeth. “Letter from Elizabeth Palmer Peabody to Horace Mann, 3 March 1838.” MHS Collections Online, pg. 1-4. href="http://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=396&img_step=1&mode=transcript#page1">www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=396&img_step=1&mode=transcript#page12Peabody, “Letter from Elizabeth Palmer Peabody to Horace Mann, 3 March 1838,” pg. 1-4. Accessed on Nov. 2, 2024. 

² Peabody, Elizabeth. “Kindergarten Messenger.” Library of Congress, 1873, pg 7. href="http://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.kindergartenmess01peab/?sp=13&r=-1.442,-0.078,3.884,1.918,0">www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.kindergartenmess01peab/?sp=13&r=-1.442,-0.078,3.884,1.918,0. Peabody, “Kindergarten Messenger,” pg. 7. Accessed on Nov. 3, 2024

³French, Decoursey, and Elizabeth P Peabody. Letter from DeCoursey French to Elizabeth P. Peabody. 1884. Manuscript/Mixed Material. https://www.loc.gov/item/magbell.16900224/.

⁴“Guide to the Kindergarten and Intermediate Class,.” The Project Gutenberg eBook of Guide to the Kindergarten and Intermediate Class, by Elizabeth P. Peabody. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/36555/36555-h/36555-h.htm. 

⁵French, DeCoursey and Peabody, Elizabeth P. “Image 1 of Letter from DeCoursey French to Elizabeth P. Peabody, March 28, 1884” Library of Congress, (1884) : 1-2. Accessed Nov 4,2024. https://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.16900224/?sp=1&st=image 

⁶From The Boston Herald “An Elizabeth Peabody House” ProQuest C19: The Nineteenth Century Index, (1895): 20. Accessed Nov 6, 2024. https://www.proquest.com/c19index/docview/95318160/6440A68A9DFB404CPQ/1?accountid=12598&segment=C19News&sourcetype=Historical%20Newspapers 

⁷Josephine E. Roberts, Elizabeth Peabody and the Temple School, 1942. (The New England Quarterly, 1942 Sep. Vol. 15, No. 3), pg. 497-508. https://www.jstor.org/stable/361834?seq=1. Roberts, Elizabeth Peabody and the Temple School, pg. 497-508. Accessed Oct. 19, 2024.

⁸ Cantor, Patricia. “Elizabeth Peabody: America’s Kindergarten Pioneer.” YC Young Children 68, no. 2 (2013): 92–93. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42731210.

⁹Little, Judith and Bartlett, Lora. “The Teacher Workforce and Problems of Educational Equity” Review of Research in Education, no 34 (2010): 285-328. Accessed Oct 15, 2024. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40588180?searchText=The+teacher+workforce+and+problems+of+educational+equality&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DThe%2Bteacher%2Bworkforce%2Band%2Bproblems%2Bof%2Beducational%2Bequality%26utm_source%3Dgoogle%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A3cf7d82cddc18b7ded6f695fa7345f4f&seq=1